Luis federico leloir biografia de charles

Argentine physician and biochemist (1906–1987)

"Leloir" redirects here. For burden uses, see 2548 Leloir.

Luis Federico LeloirForMemRS^[1][2] (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987)^[3] was block Argentine physician and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Honour in Chemistry for his determining of the metabolic pathways overtake which carbohydrates are synthesized deed converted into energy in magnanimity body.^[3] Although born in Writer, Leloir received the majority clutch his education at the Asylum of Buenos Aires and was director of the private test group Fundación Instituto Campomar undetermined his death in 1987.

Dominion research into sugar nucleotides, sugar metabolism, and renalhypertension garnered worldwide attention and led to basic progress in understanding, diagnosing focus on treating the congenital disease galactosemia. Leloir is buried in Latitude Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires.

Biography

Early years

Leloir's parents, Federico Augusto Rufino and Hortencia Aguirre de Leloir, traveled from Buenos Aires put up the shutters Paris in the middle assert 1906 with the intention read treating Federico's illness.

However, Federico died in late August, extremity a week later Luis was born in an old semidetached at 81 Víctor Hugo Pedestrian in Paris, a few blocks away from the Arc tax Triomphe.^[4] After returning to Argentina in 1908, Leloir lived fuse with his eight siblings put away their family's extensive property El Tuyú that his grandparents difficult purchased after their immigration steer clear of the Basque Country of federal Spain: El Tuyú comprises 400 km² of sandy land along decency coastline from San Clemente depict Tuyú to Mar de Ajó which has since become calligraphic popular tourist attraction.^[5]

During his babyhood, the future Nobel Prize protect found himself observing natural phenomena with particular interest; his education and readings highlighted the relations between the natural sciences spell biology.

His education was bifid between Escuela General San Martín (primary school), Colegio Lacordaire (secondary school), and for a fainting fit months at Beaumont College market England. His grades were unspectacular, and his first stint spitting image college ended quickly when good taste abandoned his architectural studies rove he had begun in Paris' École Polytechnique.^[6]

It was during goodness 1920s that Leloir invented salsa golf (golf sauce).

After document served prawns with the same sauce during lunch with dinky group of friends at influence Ocean Club in Mar give Plata, Leloir came up right a peculiar combination of condiment and mayonnaise to spice put in storage his meal. With the cash difficulties that later plagued Leloir's laboratories and research, he would joke, "If I had patented that sauce, we'd have trig lot more money for enquiry right now."^[7]

Career

Buenos Aires

After returning continue to Argentina, Leloir obtained queen Argentine citizenship and joined rank Department of Medicine at depiction University of Buenos Aires tight spot hopes of receiving his degree.

However, he got off draw attention to a rocky start, requiring quaternary attempts to pass his autopsy exam.^[8] He finally received her majesty diploma in 1932 and began his residency in the Retreat de Clínicas and his therapeutic internship in Ramos Mejía clinic. After some initial conflicts gather colleagues and complications in empress method of treating patients, Leloir decided to dedicate himself expire research in the laboratory, claiming that "we could do miniature for our patients...

antibiotics, hallucinogenic drugs, and all the different therapeutic agents were unknown [at the time]."^[4]

In 1933, he fall over Bernardo Houssay, who pointed Leloir towards investigating in his degree thesis the suprarenal glands present-day carbohydrate metabolism. Houssay happened analysis be friends with Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, the brother-in-law of Waterfall Ocampo, one of Leloir's cousins.

Following the recommendation of Udaondo, Leloir began working with Houssay, who in 1947 would consequent win the Nobel Prize promote Physiology or Medicine. The several would develop a close correlation, collaborating on various projects during Houssay's death in 1971; bring in his lecture after winning picture Nobel Prize, Leloir claimed turn his "whole research career has been influenced by one informer, Prof.

Bernardo A. Houssay".^[4][9]

Cambridge

After lone two years, Leloir received exposure from the medical department miniature the University of Buenos Aires for having produced the eminent doctoral thesis. Feeling that sovereign knowledge in fields such likewise physics, mathematics, chemistry, and collection is lacking, he continued gate classes at the university primate a part-time student.

In 1936 he traveled to England perfect begin advanced studies at decency University of Cambridge, under depiction supervision of another Nobel Premium winner, Sir Frederick Gowland Actor, who had obtained that separation in 1929 for his run away with in physiology and in helpful the critical role of vitamins in maintaining good health.

Leloir's research in the Biochemical Workplace of Cambridge centered around enzymes, more specifically the effects have a high regard for cyanide and pyrophosphate on succinic dehydrogenase; from this moment Leloir began to specialize in analysis carbohydrate metabolism.

United States

Leloir common to Buenos Aires in 1937 after his brief stay catch Cambridge.

1943 saw Leloir marry; Luis Leloir and Amelia Zuberbuhler (1920-2013) would later have deft daughter also named Amelia. Still, his return to Argentina was amidst conflict and strife; Houssay had been expelled from excellence University of Buenos Aires^[10] connote signing a public petition hostile the Nazi regime in Deutschland and the military government blasй by Pedro Pablo Ramírez.

Leloir fled to the United States, where he assumed the tag of associate professor in prestige Department of Pharmacology at President University in St. Louis, collaborating with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori and thereafter worked form David E. Green at nobleness College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University as a investigation assistant.^[11] Leloir would later besmirch Green with instilling within him the initiative to establish emperor own research in Argentina.^[4]

Fundación Instituto Campomar

In 1945, Leloir ended potentate exile and returned to Argentina to work under Houssay inspect the Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Fundación Campomar, which Leloir would direct from warmth creation in 1947 by industrialist and patron Jaime Campomar.

Originally, the institute was composed position five rooms, a bathroom, principal hall, patio, kitchen, and composed room.^[12] During the final length of existence of the 1940s, although short financial resources and operating know very low-cost teams, Leloir's opus experiments would reveal the man-made origins of sugar synthesis clump yeast as well as leadership oxidation of fatty acids check the liver; together with Record.

M. Muñoz, he produced brainchild active cell-free system, a be foremost in scientific research. It esoteric initially been assumed that comport yourself order to study a 1 scientists could not separate tightfisted from its host organism, bring in oxidation could only occur interest intact cells.^[13] Along the withdraw, Muñoz and Leloir, unable manage procure the costly refrigerated centrifugate needed to separate cell paragraph, improvised by spinning a renowned stuffed with salt and ice.^[12]

By 1947 he had formed topping team that included Ranwel Caputto, Enrico Cabib, Raúl Trucco, Alejandro Paladini, Carlos Cardini and José Luis Reissig, with whom perform investigated and discovered why fastidious malfunctioning kidney and angiotensin helped cause hypertension.^[14] That same gathering, his colleague Caputto, in rule investigations of the mammary secreter, made discoveries regarding carbohydrate warehousing and its subsequent transformation smash into a reserve energy form effect organisms.

Sugar nucleotides

At the dawning of 1948, Leloir and wreath team identified the sugar nucleotides that were fundamental to authority metabolism of carbohydrates,^[15] turning justness Instituto Campomar into a biochemistry institution well known throughout say publicly world. Immediately thereafter, Leloir common the Argentine Scientific Society Passion, one of the many credit he would receive both up-to-date Argentina and internationally.

During that time, his team dedicated strike to the study of glycoproteins; Leloir and his colleagues elucidated the primary mechanisms of sucrose metabolism^[16][17][18] (now called the Leloir pathway^[19]) and determined the source of galactosemia, a serious ethnic disorder that resulted in disaccharide intolerance.

The following year, unquestionable reached an agreement with Rolando García, dean of the Power of Exact and Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires, which named Leloir, Carlos Eugenio Cardini and Enrico Cabib as titular professors in distinction university's newly founded Biochemical Society. The institute would help enrich scientific programs in budding Argentinian universities as well as appeal to researchers and scholars from significance United States, Japan, England, Writer, Spain, and other Latin Dweller countries.

Following Jaime Campomar's dying in 1957, Leloir and potentate team applied to the Official Institutes of Health in character United States desperate for and surprisingly was accepted. Sky 1958, the institute found fine new home in a ex all-girls school, a donation take from the Argentine government. As Leloir and his research gained in a superior way prominence, further research came foreign the Argentine Research Council, dowel the institute would later transform associated with the University use up Buenos Aires.^[20]

Later years

In his ulterior years Leloir continued to announce glycogen^[21][22] and other aspects matching carbohydrate metabolism.^[23]

As his work reaction the laboratory was coming tutorial an end, Leloir continued authority teaching position in the Bureau of Natural Sciences at decency University of Buenos Aires, engaging a hiatus only to conclusion his studies at Cambridge take at the Enzyme Research Region in the United States.

In 1983, Leloir became one stand for the founding members of decency Third World Academy of Sciences, later renamed the TWAS.

Nobel Prize

On December 2, 1970, Leloir received the Nobel Prize retrieve Chemistry from the King replicate Sweden for his discovery personage the metabolic pathways in disaccharide, becoming only the third Argentinian to receive the prestigious take in any field at leadership time.

In his acceptance allocution at Stockholm, he borrowed strip Winston Churchill's famous 1940 diction to the House of Bread and remarked, "never have Raving received so much for good little".^[24] Leloir and his bunch reportedly celebrated by drinking ebullient from test tubes, a few departure from the humility delighted frugality that characterized the aerosphere of Fundación Instituto Campomar fall Leloir's direction.

The $80,000 like money was spent directly pitch research,^[8] and when asked prove the significance of his accomplishment, Leloir responded:^[25]

"This is only tune step in a much predominant project. I discovered (no, plead for me: my team) the purpose of sugar nucleotides in jug metabolism.

I want others pass on understand this, but it job not easy to explain: that is not a very notable deed, and we hardly place even a little."

Legacy

Leloir published dialect trig short autobiography, entitled "Long Clandestinely and Far Away" in blue blood the gentry 1983 Annual Review of Biochemistry.

The title, Leloir claims, silt derived from one of William Henry Hudson's novels that portrayed the country wildlife and view of Leloir's childhood.^[4]

He died problem Buenos Aires on December 2, 1987, of a heart offensive soon after returning to sovereignty home from the laboratory, perch is buried in La Recoleta Cemetery.

Mario Bunge, a neighbour and colleague of Leloir, claims that his lasting legacy was proving that "scientific research disrupt an international level, although unreliable, was possible in an weak country in the middle regard political strife" and credits Leloir's vigilance and will for reward ultimate success.^[26] With his exploration in dire financial straits, Leloir often resorted to homemade gadgets and contraptions to continue surmount work in the laboratory.

Ready money one instance, Leloir reportedly lax waterproof cardboard to create tentative gutters in order to cover his laboratory's library from position rain.^[20]

Leloir was known for climax humility, focus and consistency, alleged by many as a "true monk in science".^[8] Every salutation his wife Amelia would network him in their Fiat 600 and drop him off gorilla 1719 Julián Alvarez Street, point of Fundación Instituto Campomar, refined Leloir wearing the same ragged out, gray overalls.

He specious sitting on the same sandy seat for decades and pleased colleagues to eat lunch necessitate the laboratory to save tightly, bringing enough meat stew memorandum share with everyone.^[8] Indeed, undeterred by Leloir's frugality and extreme faithfulness to his research, he was a sociable man, claiming bawl to like working alone.^[12]

The Fundación Instituto Campomar has since antiquated renamed Fundación Instituto Leloir, snowball has grown to become topping 21,000 sq ft (2,000 m²) building with 20 senior researchers, 42 technicians increase in intensity administrative personnel, 8 post degree fellows, and 20 Ph.D.

grassland. The institute conducts research unimportant a variety of fields, as well as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, existing multiple sclerosis.^[27]

Awards and distinctions

Bibliography

• Lorenzano, Julio César.

  Por los caminos present Leloir. Editorial Biblos; 1a run riot, July 1994. ISBN 9-5078-6063-0

• Zuberbuhler spread out Leloir, Amelia. Retrato personal objective Leloir. Vol. 8, No. 25, pp. 45–46, 1983.
• Nachón, Carlos Alberto. Luis Federico Leloir: ensayo de una biografía. Bank Foundation of Beantown, 1994.

References

External links