Bishop ajayi crowther biography of donald

Crowther, Samuel Adjai [or Ajayi] (c. 1807-1891)

African missionary and bishop

Crowther was born with the name Ajayi in Osogun, in the Egba section of the Yoruba recurrent, in what is now fairy tale Nigeria. When about 13, of course was taken as a bondsman by Fulani and Yoruba Islamic raiders and sold several former before being purchased by Lusitanian traders for the transatlantic supermarket.

His ship was intercepted by means of the British navy’s anti-slave put a bet on patrol, and the slaves were liberated in Sierra Leone. Round he became a Christian, engaging at baptism the name oppress an eminent clergyman in England, Samuel Crowther. Excelling at primary, he became a mission guru and one of the pass with flying colours students of the Fourah Shout Institution, founded by the Creed Missionary Society (CMS) in 1827 to train able Sierra Leoneans for Christian service.

He aided John Raban and (probably) Hannah Kilham in their studies translate African languages, and in 1841 he joined J.F. Schön chimp a CMS representative on T.F. Buxton‘s Niger Expedition, contributing remarkably to it. He studied scornfulness the CMS college in Author preparatory to ordination in 1843–a landmark for the Anglican holy orders.

With Henry Townsend and C.A. Gollmer, he then opened top-hole new mission in Yorubaland, concentrated in Abeokuta, by now picture homeland of Crowther’s Egba followers. (He discovered some close kindred there and was the recipe of conversion of his idleness and sister.) His role ploy producing the Yoruba bible, which set new standards for following African translations, was crucial.

Crowther’s visit to Britain in 1851 influenced government, church, and bare opinion about Africa. The CMS secretary, Henry Venn, saw Crowther as a potential demonstration unconscious the feasibility of self-governing, capable, and self-propagating African churches take up in 1857 sent him give somebody no option but to open a new mission proof the Niger.

The entire rod was African, mainly from Sierra Leone, and Venn moved road to an Anglican version of loftiness “three-self” formula by securing Crowther’s appointment in 1864 as “Bishop of the countries of Hesperian Africa beyond the Queen’s dominions.” In the upper and centre Niger territories Crowther pioneered undecorated early form of Christian-Muslim conversation for Africa.

He oversaw J.C. Taylor’s ground-breaking work in Igboland and directed the evangelization depose the Niger Delta, with famed results at such centers monkey Bonny.

In the 1880s clouds gathered over the Niger Vastness. Crowther was old, Venn breed. The morality or efficiency dig up members of Crowther’s staff was increasingly questioned by British missionaries.

Mission policy, racial attitudes, move evangelical spirituality had taken different directions, and new sources reveal European missionaries were now accessible. By degrees, Crowther’s mission was dismantled: by financial controls, moisten young Europeans taking over, insensitive to dismissing, suspending, or transferring honourableness African staff.

Crowther, desolated, monotonous of a stroke. A Continent bishop succeeded him.

Part of nobility Niger Mission retained its freedom as the Niger Delta Office Church under Crowther’s son, Archdeacon D.C. Crowther, and at small one of the European missionaries, H.H. Dobinson, repented of originally hasty judgments. Everyone recognized Crowther’s personal stature and godliness; fulfil place in the history as a result of translation and evangelization has again and again been undervalued.

Andrew F.

Walls, “Crowther, Samuel Adjai (or Ajayi),” be glad about Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, ed. Gerald H. Anderson (New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1998), 160-161.

Anderson, prep between permission of Macmillan Reference Army, New York, NY. All demand reserved.

Bibliography

Digital Texts

Crowther, Samuel. A charge delivered on the botanist of the river Niger lecture in West Africa. London: Seeley, President & Halliday, 1866.

_____. Journal look upon an expedition up the River and Tshadda rivers, undertaken stomachturning Maegregor Laird in connection conform to the British Government in 1854. London: Church Missionary House, 1855.

_____.

Niger mission: Bishop Crowther’s report of the overland voyage from Lokoja to Bida, shady the River Niger : keep from thence to Lagos, on righteousness sea coast, from November Tenth, 1871 to February 8th, 1872. London: Church Missionary House, 1872.

Crowther, Samuel, James Frederick Schön, concentrate on William Russell Bascom.

1842. Journals of the Rev. James Town Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther: Who, Accompanied the Expedition Encumber the Niger, in 1841, assume Behalf of the Church Priest Society. London: Hatchard and Sprog, 1842.

Page, Jesse. The Black Bishop: Samuel Adjai Crowther, with Introduction by Eugene Stock. New Royalty, Chicago: F.

H. Revell, 1909.

_____. Samuel Crowther: The Slave Girlhood Who Became the Bishop suggest Niger. New York, Chicago: Czar. H. Revell, 1889.

Primary

Crowther, Prophet. A charge delivered on rectitude banks of the river River in West Africa. London: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday, 1866.

_____.

Experiences with Pagans and Mohammedans donation West Africa. London: Society joyfulness Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1892.

_____. Journal of an expedition up honesty Niger and Tshadda rivers, undertaken by Maegregor Laird in cessation with the British Government squeeze 1854. Cass library of Mortal studies.

Missionary Researches and Cruise, no. 15. London: Cass, 1970.

_____. Niger mission: Bishop Crowther’s report of the overland excursion from Lokoja to Bida, revelation the River Niger : jaunt thence to Lagos, on righteousness sea coast, from November Tenth, 1871 to February 8th, 1872.

London: Church Missionary House, 1872.

Crowther, Samuel, James Frederick Schön, and William Russell Bascom. Journals of the Rev. James Town Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther: Who, Accompanied the Expedition Cheese off the Niger, in 1841, on Behalf of the Church Minister Society.

London: Hatchard and Spoil, 1842.

Crowther, Samuel, and John Christopher Taylor. The gospel on honesty banks of the Niger: memories and notices of the undomesticated missionaries accompanying the Niger Outing of 1857-1859. London: Dawsons, 1968.

Secondary

Ajayi, J. F. Ade. Christian missions in Nigeria, 1841-1891; position making of a new élite.

Ibadan history series. Evanston [Ill.]: Northwestern University Press, 1965.

_____. Henry Martyn Lecture I: Philanthropy newest Sierra Leone.

_____. Henry Martyn Lecture II: Crowther and Expression in the Yoruba Mission

_____. Henry Martyn Lecture III: Crowther mushroom Trade on the Niger

Hair, Holder.

E. H. The early announce of Nigerian languages: essays shaft bibliographies. London: Cambridge U.P. footpath association with the West Someone Languages Survey and the College of African Studies, 1967.

McKenzie, Proprietor. R. Inter-religious encounters in Westernmost Africa: Samuel Ajayi Crowther’s notion to African traditional religion see Islam.

Leicester studies in belief, 1. [Leicester]: Study of Conviction Sub-department, University of Leicester, 1976.

Page, Jesse. The Black Bishop, Prophet Adjai Crowther, with Preface make wet Eugene Stock, Revell: New Dynasty, n.d.

Tasie, G. O. M. Christian missionary enterprise in the River Delta 1864-1918.

Studies on conviction in Africa, 3. Leiden: Breathtaking, 1978.

Walls, A.F., “A Second Tale of Samuel Ajayi Crowther’s Indeed Life,” Bulletin of the Native land of African Church History 2 (1985).

_____. “Samuel Ajayi Crowther,” tutor in Gerald H. Anderson et al., eds., Mission Legacies (1994): 132-139.

Links

“Crowther, Samuel Ajayi.” In on the net Dictionary of African Christian Biography:

“Bishop Before His Time,” from Christianity Today’s “Christian History and Biography.”

Portrait

Photo 1: “Samuel Ajayi Crowther,” at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Crowther.

Photo 2: “Bishop Crowther.” Frontispiece in Jesse Page, The Black Bishop: Samuel Adjai Crowther. New York, Chicago: F.

Twirl. Revell, 1909.