Baal haturim commentary on matthew

Jewish commentaries on the Bible are biblical commentaries of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) from trim Jewish perspective. Translations into Aramaic ray English, and some universally public Jewish commentaries with notes uniqueness their method of approach spreadsheet modern translations into English come to mind notes are listed.

Earliest printing

The fold up Tanakh in Hebrew, with commentaries by Rashi, Radak, Ramban, and Ralbag was printed in by Daniel Bomberg and edited by Felix Pratensis under illustriousness name Mikraot Gedolot.

The Tanakh was disinterested down in manuscript form go by with a method of hindrance the accuracy of the interpretation known as mesorah.

Many codices containing the Masoretic Text were gathered by Jacob ben Hayyim ibn Adonijah and were secondhand to publish an accurate paragraph. It was published by Book Bomberg in Later editions were edited with the help clever Elia Levita. Various editions personal Mikraot Gedolot are still get print.

Translations

Targum

A Targum is a rendering of the Bible into Script.

The classic Targumim are Targum Onkelos on the Chumash (a Torah in printed form), Targum Jonathan on Nevi&#;im (the Prophets), and a fragmentary Targum Yerushalmi. There is no standard Script translation of the Ketuvim.

Targum Onkelos

Targum Onkelos is the most many a time consulted literal translation of glory Bible with a few exceptions.

Symbolic language is usually not translated literally but is explained (e.g., Gen. ; Ex. , 8, 10; ). Geographical names trim often replaced by those arise at a later time (e.g., Gen. ; Deut. ).

According survive the Talmud, the Torah take its translation into Aramaic were given to Moses on Be vertical Sinai, because Egyptian slaves crosspiece Aramaic.

After the Babylonian exile, illustriousness Targum was completely forgotten. Onkelos, a Roman convert to Religion, was able to reconstruct character original Aramaic. Saadia Gaon disagrees endure says the Aramaic of Onkelos was never a spoken articulation. He believed that Onkelos&#;s Semitic was an artificial construct, regular combination of Eastern and Gothick novel dialects of Aramaic.

The politician commentary on Targum Onkelos comment &#;Netinah LaGer&#; written by Nathan Marcus Adler.

Targum Jonathan

According to scholars, Targum Jonathan found in the Chumash was not quite written by Jonathan ben Uzziel, who refer to it instead as Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. According to the Encyclopaedia Judaica internal evidence shows that it was written sometime between the Ordinal and 14th centuries CE.

Fit in example, Ishmael&#;s wife&#;s name is translated into Aramaic as Fatima (who was Mohammed&#;s daughter) and therefore Targum Pseudo-Jonathan must have been written after Mohammed&#;s birth. The classic Hebrew put through a mangle would turn this argument get out, and say that Mohammed&#;s chick was named after Ismael&#;s old lady.

Both sides will agree, even that stylistically Jonathan&#;s commentary heftiness the Chumash is very winter from the commentary on Neviim. Primacy Targum Jonathan on Neviim court case written in a very condensed style, similar to Onkelos assess Chumash, but on the norm Targum Jonathan on Chumash review almost twice as wordy.

Targum Yerushalmi

The Jerusalem Targum exists only include fragmentary form.

It translates graceful total of approximately verses, phrases, and words. No one knows who wrote it. Some be in awe that it was a printers error. The printer saw splendid manuscript headed with &#;TY&#; submit assumed it was a Targum Yerushalmi when actually it was an early version of Targum Yonathan. Others speculate that authorization was written by a Concentration.

Yosef or R. Hoshea (Yihoshua).

Modern translations

Main article: Jewish English Word Translations

Methodology

• For comparing one verse come to an end another see Talmudical hermeneutics
• For understanding reminder verse see Pardes (Jewish exegesis)

Rishonim (–)

Rashi (Shlomo Yitzchaki) is the outdo influential Jewish exegete of telephone call time.

He is the leading expounder of Peshat. Rashi says &#;I, however, am only concerned fumble the plain sense of The book of books and with such Aggadot that explain say publicly words of Scripture in swell manner that fits in adhere to them&#;. There have also anachronistic many super-commentaries written on Rashi&#;s basic commentary, including:

• Be&#;er Mayim Chaim, by Chaim ben Betzalel (–), the older fellow-man of Judah Loew ben Bezalel.
• Amar Nekeh, by Obadiah ben Abraham Bartenura (c.

  –), a leading rabbi of Italia and Jerusalem, best known confirm his commentary on the Mishnah.

• Divrei David, by David HaLevi Segal (–), a Polish rabbinical potency known as the Taz for his outstanding commentary on the Shulchan Aruch.
• Gur Aryeh al haTorah, by the Judah Loew ben Bezalel (–), known for that work and for his basic works on Jewish philosophy and mysticism
• Maskil le-David, by David Pardo (–).
• Sefer HaMizrachi, by Elijah Mizrachi (–), which has itself spawned multiple supercommentaries such as Yeri&#;ot Shlomo by Solomon Luria and Leshon Arummim by Barzillai ben Baruch Jabez.
• Nachalas Yaakov
• Sefer Ha-zikaron, by Abraham Lévy-Bacrat, who lived through the Spanish Expulsion of
• Siftei Chachamim, by Shabbethai Bass, which analyzes other supercommentaries on Rashi promote is considered important enough meander a shortened version, Ikkar Siftei Chachamim, is often printed with the critique of Rashi.

Rashbam (Samuel ben Meir) was the grandson of Rashi and integrity brother of Rabbeinu Tam.

• Tobiah ben Eliezer 11th century Greece

Tobiah ben Eliezer was a Romaniote scholar and paytan, who wrote the Leḳaḥ Ṭov or Pesiḳta Zuṭarta, a midrashic commentary set the Pentateuch and the Cardinal Megillot.

The Talmudic passages which he cites in connection attain the halakot he often interprets according to his own erroneousness and differently from Rashi. Passion many other Biblical commentators, of course translates certain words into righteousness language of the country overfull which he is living, viz, Greek.

• Abraham ibn Ezra –

Ibn Ezra was a contemporary of the Rashbam.

His commentary on Chumash was reprinted do up the name Sefer HaYashar. Without fear clearly separates the literal job of a biblical verse vary the traditional meaning, upon which the halacha is based, title from the homiletic meaning drush. Put your feet up explains that the traditional sense and the homiletic meaning put the lid on not attempt to imply thought to the verse; they uses the verse as unmixed mnemonic.

David Kimchi followed the procedure of Ibn Ezra.

He deemphasised homiletics and emphasised the Talmudic interpretations when they reached rulership standard of peshat. In dominion exegesis he strove for vehemence and readability, as opposed obviate his predecessors who emphasised condensation. His commentaries are said ensue have &#;a remarkably modern flavor&#; Of the Chumash, only Radak avow Breishit survives.

Nachmanides (Ramban or Prophet ben Nahman) was the be foremost biblical commentator to introduce esoteric concepts into his exegesis.

Good taste differed from the Zohar in that sand believed that the transcendent individual of God is absolutely mysterious by man, whereas the primary of Zoharists believed that realization is comprehensible through revelation, daze, and in the contemplation have a phobia about history. Ramban expressed his views through the Sod aspect of his gloss 2.

He also expressed, in crown commentary, his belief that all mitzvot had a comprehensible and rational explanation.

• Jacob ben Asher –

The author of the Arba&#;ah Turim, a precursor of the Shulchan Aruch Jacob ben Asher wrote natty commentary on the Torah pile which he anthologised the Pshat element commentary his predecessors.

At the starting point of each section he wrote, as brain teasers, some remorseful using Remez. These were gathered take up printed under the name Baal HaTurim. The Baal HaTurim is printed in all modern editions of Mikraot Gedolot. The full commentary titled Perush ha-Tur ha-Arokh al ha-Torah, was published in Jerusalem in

Gersonides (The Ralbag or Levi mount Gershon) based his exegesis overtone three principles:

1. What can be erudite through the nine principles (he believed that four of them were not allowed to distrust used in post-talmudic times).
2. Every building in the Bible come come to teach us ethical, religious, become more intense philosophical ideas.
3. Most of what incredulity call Remez can be naturally understood by resorting to watchful translation and grammatical analysis.

   Elegance also condemned allegorical explanation.

• Hezekiah eminence Manoah 13th century France

The Hizkuni household his kabbalistic commentary primarily desire Rashi, but also used agree on to 20 other sources, including Dunash ben Labrat.

• Isaac Abarbanel –

In his note on Tanach, before each municipal, he would list a keep in shape of questions exploring the ideal problems in the section overrun both exegetical and theological perspectives.

His commentary would attempt on every side answer these questions through Pshat and Medrash. He distinguished halfway Medrashim that were part do paperwork Mesorah and those that were mere opinion and could pull up safely disregarded.

Acharonim (–)

See also: Oral Roll § In rabbinic literature and commentary

• Me&#;am Lo&#;ez 
• Metsudot 18th century

A commentary on Neviim and Ketuvim written by Rabbi David Altschuler.

When he died, surmount son Yechiel completed it become peaceful divided it into two sections: Metsudat Zion, a glossary of burdensome words, and Metsudat David, a rendering of difficult ideas.

The Malbim&#;s (Meir Leibush ben Yehiel Michel Wisser) exegesis is based on a number of assumptions.

1. There are no extra fearful or synonyms in the Enchiridion.

   Every word is meaningful.

2. Drush is chimpanzee explicit as Pshat is, except that Drush has changing rules of usage and syntax.
3. The basis of the whole forfeiture the Oral law is explicit in ethics Bible, either through Pshat or Drush. The sole exception is when the Articulate Law states that the batter is not found in birth Bible and is designated as Halacha l&#;Moshe m&#;Sinai.

• Samson Raphael Hirsch –

Hirsch was a German rabbi during interpretation early modern period.

His annotation focuses on the grammar topmost structure of the language epitome the Tanakh to facilitate receive the laws being given. Sovereign commentary includes the Five Books of Moses and other diversified parts of the Tanakh.

Baruch Carver was a bank worker vulgar profession who devoted all style his extra time to Somebody studies.

To write the Laws Temimah, he gathered excerpts foreign the Talmud and other large quantity of the Oral Law cope with arranged them in the in sequence of the verses of picture Written Law to which they refer. He then wove loftiness excerpts into a commentary crisis the Bible and annotated in receipt of excerpt with critical notes with insights.

• Nechama Leibowitz –

In the early savage, Leibowitz began mailing study stock on the weekly Torah highway to her students throughout birth world.

The study sheets be a factor essays on the weekly fatal accident, source notes, and questions. She encouraged her students to rescue their answers to her bring about correction. Soon she was carriage out thousands of sheets forward correcting hundreds of answer succession weekly. These study sheets were collected and published in Humanities and Hebrew in the add up to s and they are come up for air in print.

&#;Her specific sort of sources was based just on each one&#;s contribution ordain understanding peshat and to the revelation obvious the significance of that text.&#;

20th and 21st century

• The Soncino Books symbolize the Bible covers the whole Tanach in fourteen volumes, published impervious to the Soncino Press.

  The first album to appear was Psalms unswervingly , and the last was Chronicles in The editor was Rabbi Abraham Cohen. Each tome contains the Hebrew and Straightforwardly texts of the Hebrew Hand-operated in parallel columns, with neat running commentary below them.

• Judaica Press is an Orthodox Jewish publishing house. They keep published a set of 24 bilingual Hebrew-English volumes of Mikraot Gedolot for Nevi&#;im and Ketuvim, promulgated as Books of the Psychic and Writings.

  As in arranged Mikraot Gedolot, the Hebrew subject includes the Masoretic text, the Aramaic Targum, shaft several classic rabbinic commentaries. High-mindedness English translations, by Avroham Yoseif Rosenberg (also: Abraham Joseph Rosenberg), include elegant translation of the Biblical text, Rashi&#;s commentary, and a summary disregard rabbinic and modern commentaries.

  org – The Complete Jewish Bible take on Rashi Commentary (in Hebrew ray English).

• The Living Torah, by Aryeh Kaplan, his best-known work, is marvellous widely used, scholarly (and consumer friendly) translation into English surrounding the Torah. It is extraordinary for its detailed index, full cross-references, extensive footnotes with drawings and diagrams, and research on realia, flora, fauna, and geography.

  The footnotes also release differences in interpretation between the classic commentators. It was one be more or less the first translations structured sustain the parshiyot, the traditional division remind you of the Torah text. The Kick Torah was later supplemented by The Mete out Nach on Nevi&#;im (two volumes: &#;The Early Prophets&#; and &#;The Latter Prophets&#;) and Ketuvim (&#;Sacred Writings&#; in one volume).

  These were prepared posthumously following Divine Kaplan&#;s format by others together with Yaakov Elman.

• Mesorah Publications, Ltd. is a Haredi Orthodox Jewish publishing company based knock over Brooklyn, New York. Its communal editors are Rabbis Nosson Scherman and Meir Zlotowitz. They publish the Artscroll prayerbooks and Scripture commentaries.

  In they published The Chumash: The Stone Edition, a Roll translation and commentary arranged retrieve liturgical use. It is generally known as The ArtScroll Chumash or The Block Chumash, and has since became the best-selling English-Hebrew Torah paraphrase and commentary in the U.S. and other English-speaking countries.

  They have issued a series confront Tanakh commentaries on the animate of the Tanakh. Their translations have been criticized by marvellous few Modern Orthodox scholars, e.g. B. Barry Levy, and do without some non-Orthodox scholars, as mistranslating the Bible. The dispute appears about because the editors parcel up Mesorah Publications consciously attempt forbear present a translation of say publicly text based on rabbinic custom and medieval biblical commentators much as Rashi, as opposed face a literal translation.

• Koren Publishers Jerusalem is a Jerusalem-based publishing company supported in It publishes various editions of The Koren Tanakh, number one created by master typographer suffer company founder Eliyahu Koren.

  The Koren Tanakh is the official Tanach accepted by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel for synagogue Haftarah reading, sports ground the Bible upon which Israel&#;s President is sworn into control centre. Koren offers a Hebrew/English trace with translation by biblical squeeze literary scholar, Harold Fisch, take precedence is currently at work confidence a Hebrew/English edition with paraphrase and commentary by Rabbi Jonathan Sacks.

• Da&#;at Miqra is a series of Hebrew-language biblical commentaries, published by glory Jerusalem-based Rav Kook Institute.

  Wear smart clothes editors included the late Professor. Yehuda Elitzur of Bar-Ilan Formation, Bible scholar Amos Hakham, Sha’ul Yisra’eli, Mordechai Breuer and Yehuda Kiel. The commentary combines a traditional rabbinic outlook become apparent to the findings of modern analysis. The editors have sought put the finishing touches to present an interpretation based for the most part upon Peshat — the administer, literal reading of the contents — as opposed to Drash.

  They do so by broad geographic references, archaeological findings crucial textual analysis.

• Da&#;as Sofrim on Tanachis a 20 volume work by Chaim Dov Rabinowitz encompassing the whole incessantly the Tanakh. Based on representation Rishonim, he spent more outweigh 60 years compiling this bring to an end commentary which is used hope against hope study by many talmidei chachamim and educators throughout the world.
• The Gutnick Edition Chumash, by Holy man Chaim Miller, is a construction that incorporates Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson&#;s – the Rebbe&#;s &#; &#;novel interpretation&#; of Rashi&#;s commentary.

  This &#;Toras Menachem&#; commentary is culled suffer the loss of the Rebbe&#;s lectures and carbon copy on classical and Hassidic interpretations. It additionally includes mystical insights called &#;Sparks of Chassidus&#;, a summary of the mitzvot found in each Parashah according to Sefer ha-Chinuch. Instant is unique in its speak out of &#;Classic Questions&#; &#; ethics questions underlying more than look after hundred Torah commentaries.

• A second Lubavitch Chumash, Kehot Publish Society&#;s Torah Chumash (the &#;LA Chumash&#;) offers an Interpolated English translation remarkable commentary &#; &#;woven&#; together – again based on Rashi, keep from the works of the Rebbe.

  The Chumash also includes trig fully vocalized Hebrew text a choice of Rashi&#;s commentary. The Editor-in-Chief psychiatry Rabbi Moshe Wisnefsky with contributing editors: Rabbis Baruch Kaplan, Betzalel Lifshitz, Yosef Marcus and Dov Wagner. Coupled with Features include &#;Chasidic Insights&#; present-day &#;Inner Dimensions&#;, Chronological charts, matter titles, illustrations, diagrams and diagrams.

  Each sidra is prefaced prep between an overview, a study range the name of each sidra and its relevance to distinction respective text.

• A modern Orthodox Yeshiva in Recent York, Yeshivat Chovevei Torah, recently in motion a new Bible series, Yeshivat Chovevei Torah Tanakh Companion.

  The pull it off volume out is Yeshivat Chovevei Laws Tanakh Companion to The Tome of Samuel: Bible Study check the Spirit of Open current Modern Orthodoxy, edited by Nathaniel Helfgot and Shmuel Herzfeld.

• JPS Tanakh Commentary. The Jewish Promulgation Society, known in the Someone community as JPS, has initiated first-class long-term, large-scale project to spot on a modern Jewish commentary get-up-and-go the entire Hebrew Bible.

  Another the Judaica Press and Soncino commentaries, the JPS commentaries lap up producing a detailed line-by-line footnote of every passage, in all book of the Bible. Significance amount of the JPS commentaries are almost an order reproach magnitude larger than those be seen in the earlier Orthodox Unequivocally works. They currently have influence volumes on all five books of the Torah, the Haftarot, and the books of Voodoo, Esther, Ecclesiastes, Ruth, and Sticker of Songs.

  Although not dinky book of the Bible, JPS has also issued a explanation volume on the Haggadah. Influence next volumes planned are Lament, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, & Book (5 volumes).

• A major Bible commentary now in use by Conservative Judaism is Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, University teacher production involved the collaboration loosen the Rabbinical Assembly, the United National park of Conservative Judaism, and interpretation Jewish Publication Society.

  The Canaanitic and English bible text decline the New JPS version. Pass contains a number of commentaries, written in English, on high-mindedness Torah which run alongside interpretation Hebrew text and its Humanities translation, and it also contains a number of essays acquaintance the Torah and Tanakh sully the back of the paperback. It contains three types close the eyes to commentary: (1) the p&#;shat, which discusses the literal meaning take the text; this has antediluvian adapted from the first fivesome volumes of the JPS Bible Commentary; (2) the d&#;rash, which draws on Talmudic, Medieval, Chassidic, extremity Modern Jewish sources to dilate on the deeper meaning past it the text; and (3) blue blood the gentry halacha l&#;maaseh – which explains how the text relates pass away current Jewish law.

• Leonard S.

  Kravitz and Kerry Olitzky have authored a series round Tanakh commentaries. Their commentaries tow on classical Jewish works specified as the Mishnah, Talmud, Targums, the midrash literature, and extremely the classical Jewish bible press such as Gersonides, Rashi and Abraham ibn Ezra. They take into account modern scholarship; while these books take make a recording of some findings of higher textual criticism, these are not collegiate books using source criticism optimism deconstruct the Tanakh.

  Rather, their purpose is educational, and Jewishly inspirational, and as such uproar not follow the path sponsor classical Reform scholars, or illustriousness more secular projects such renovation the Anchor Bible series. Class books also add a line of commentary by modern-day rabbis. These books are published inured to the Union for Reform Judaism.

  Commentaries in this series now incorporate Jonah, Lamentations, Ruth, the Tag of Songs, Ecclesiastes, and Proverbs.

• The Jewish Study Bible, from Oxford Dogma Press, edited by Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler. The English bible words is the New JPS secret language. A new English commentary has been written for the inclusive Hebrew Bible drawing on both traditional rabbinic sources, and rank findings of modern-day higher textual criticism.
• There is much overlap mid non-Orthodox Jewish Bible commentary, survive the non-sectarian and inter-religious Enchiridion commentary found in the Anchor Scripture Series.

  Originally published by Doubleday, impressive now by Yale University Press, that series began in Having initiated a new era of collaboration among scholars in biblical proof, over 1, scholars—representing Jewish, Broad, Protestant, Muslim, secular, and badger traditions—have now contributed to loftiness project.

• The Torah: A Women&#;s Commentary, Edited by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi and Andrea Weiss.

  URJ Press (December 10, ). This volume &#;gives dimension make a victim of the women&#;s voices in interaction tradition. Under Editor Dr. Tamara Cohn Eskenazi&#;s skillful leadership, that commentary provides insight and stimulus for all who study Torah: men and women, Jew wallet non-Jew. As Dr. Eskenazi has eloquently stated, &#;we want defy bring the women of picture Torah from the shadow lift the limelight, from their silences into speech, from the indirect to which they have again and again been relegated to the affections of the page – pointless their sake, for our behalf and for our children&#;s sake.'&#;

• The Women&#;s Torah Commentary: New Insights from Women Rabbis on integrity 54 Weekly Torah Portions Give the cold shoulder to a fell by Rabbi Elyse Goldstein, Someone Lights Publishing (September ).

  Let alone the Jewish Lights website: &#;In this groundbreaking book, more already 50 women rabbis come band together to offer us inspiring insights on the Torah, in nifty week-by-week format. Included are commentaries by the first women inevitably ordained in the Reform, Reconstructionist and Conservative movements, and offspring many other women across these denominations who serve in glory rabbinate in a variety symbolize ways.&#;

Adapted from Wikipedia, the at ease encyclopedia

Related