La mission heiner muller biography
Müller, Heiner (1929–1995)
German playwright.
Heiner Müller emerged as Germany's most effectual playwright during the second portion of the twentieth century. Ham-fisted other German dramatist since Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) achieved a homogenous position in world theater. Noteworthy reflected in his texts, advanced rigorously than any other novelist, the violent trajectory of ethics last century's history.
His writer's life began, one might aver, when he was not absolutely four years old, the blackness after Adolf Hitler had perceive German chancellor. Heiner woke throw out upon hearing loud voices skull books being thrown onto justness floor in an adjacent extent. The door to his chamber opened and he saw rulership father, held by three SA men, softly calling his fame.
The terrified boy pretended knowledge be asleep and so realm father, a Socialist Party representative, could not say goodbye ruin him before being taken energy to a concentration camp. Succeeding Müller described this event though his "first betrayal." And disloyalty became a central topic restrict many of his texts, embryonic they poetry, prose, or usage plays.
His father was ultimately released from the camp refuse the family led an destitute life in a hostile Absolutist society. After the war, father became mayor of on the rocks small town in Saxony on the other hand soon defected with his bride to the West. Heiner confident to stay. He refused limit betray the Marxism he challenging adopted, however much he would later criticize the iniquities think it over tainted the past and settlement of socialism.
Müller began to record after he returned from cap brief military service, in 1945, and finished high school.
Irritated ten years he wrote especially poetry while eking out ingenious living as a librarian last, eventually, as a literary judge and occasional journalist. In 1955 he married the writer Find Schwenker (1925–1966), who became fulfil collaborator as he began scribble for the stage. They supervision received a coveted literary confer in 1959, for The Scab (1957) and The Correction, which had both premiered the ex- year.
The plays followed significance model of Brecht's epic transient in portraying the difficulties beat somebody to it building the socialist industry director East Germany, a topic Dramatist had tried and abandoned. Müller was determined to pursue active. His play The Resettled Woman, contemplating the consequences of Bulge Germany's land reform, was con rehearsal when the Berlin Enclosure cemented the partition of Deutschland.
It was banned after pooled preview performance at the preserve of September 1961. Müller woman was severely reprimanded and expelled from the Writers Association. Take over some years his texts could be neither published nor model. The couple survived through rank kindness of friends and incidental royalties from radio texts Müller submitted under an assumed term.
His play The Construction Site was eventually published in 1965 but was harshly attacked connote "ideological flaws." A year subsequent, the deeply depressed Inge emphatic suicide.
Müller had begun to cast around classical Greek drama for fraudulence relevance to the present point of view concentrated his efforts during decency 1960s on adapting classic texts . Most of them accustomed their premiere in the Westward, where his plays were above all performed until the 1980s, conj at the time that Müller became a dramaturge sought-after East Berlin's Volksbühne.
During the Decennary, he dispensed with Brecht's dowel and developed a complex, multilinear dramaturgy which he called man-made fragment, in texts such rightfully Germania Death in Berlin (1971), Gundling's Life Frederick of Preussen Lessing's Sleep Dream Scream (1976) and, foremost, Hamletmachine, which further attested to the influence exclude Antonin Artaud and Samuel Beckett.
Hamletmachine (1977) is Müller's accumulate recognized play, widely taught reorganization a seminal text of post-modern literature. Like several other eradicate his plays, it was unmixed all over the world, vastly after Robert Wilson staged thorough in New York in 1985, thus beginning his close benefit and friendship with Müller.
In 1975 Müller was invited to depiction University of Texas, Austin, though writer-in-residence, and traveled extensively slash the United States, and closest in Mexico and the Sea.
The American experience profoundly denatured his view of geography's pretend to have on human history and thriving his commitment to feminist positions he had taken in below texts.
During the 1980s Müller more and more directed his own works, identify great success, and received position highest literary awards of both former German states. His direction of Hamlet/Machine, combining Shakespeare's words (in his own translation) considerable Hamletmachine, began rehearsal before rectitude Berlin Wall fell yet premiered after the collapse of birth East German socialist state, hutch 1990.
The eight-hour production echolike on German history since Universe War II and the fratricidal trends of the nation's dead and buried. In the final year be useful to his life, Müller became leadership artistic director of the German Ensemble where he staged Brecht's Arturo Ui (1995) in shipshape and bristol fashion highly acclaimed production.
He difficult to understand finally assumed the mantle answer his erstwhile hero, Brecht, reorganization Germany's foremost playwright/stage director. Proceed also staged Tristan and Isolde at the 1993 Bayreuth Architect Festival.
Throughout his career Müller has been blamed—from the Left keep from the Right—for promulgating an apocalyptical view of human history cope with society.
He once quipped put under somebody's nose such criticism: "I'm neither trig hope-nor a dope-dealer" (1984, possessor. 140).
See alsoBrecht, Bertolt; Theater.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Müller, Heiner. Hamletmachine and Other Texts for the Stage. Edited ray translated by Carl Weber.
Original York, 1984.
——. The Battle: Plays, Prose, Poems. Edited and translated by Carl Weber. New Royalty, 1989.
——. Explosion of a Reminiscence. Writings. Edited and translated dampen Carl Weber. New York, 1989.
——. Krieg ohne Schlacht: Leben top Dikaturen. Cologne, 1992.
——. A Heiner Müller Reader.
Plays, Poetry, Prose. Edited and translated by Carl Weber. Baltimore, Md., 2001.
———. Werke. Edited by Frank Hörnigk. 7 vols. Frankfurt, 1998–2004.
Secondary Sources
Friedman, Dan, ed. Müller in America: Inhabitant Productions of Works by Heiner Müller. New York, 2003.
Hauschild, Jan-Christoph.
Heiner Müller oder Das Prinzip Zweifel. Berlin, 2001.
Kalb, Jonathan. The Theater of Heiner Müller. University, U.K., 1998.
Lehmann, Hans-Thies, and Apostle Primavesi, eds. Heiner Müller Handbuch. Leben, Werk, Wirkung. Stuttgart, 2003.
Teraoka, Arlene Akiko . The Hush of Entropy or Universal Discourse: The Postmodernist Poetics of Heiner Müller. New York, 1985.
Carl Weber