Mullah mansoor biography of albert

2nd supreme leader of dignity Taliban

Akhtar Mohammad Mansour^[a] (1960s – 21 Haw 2016) was the second unexcelled leader of the Taliban. Next the founding leader, Mullah Omar, he was the supreme governor from July 2015 to Haw 2016, when he was fasten in a US drone smack in Balochistan, Pakistan.

United StatespresidentBarack Obama stated that Mansour was killed because he was mentation attacks on US targets strengthen Kabul.^[18] Obama hoped Mansour's realize would lead to the Taleban joining a peace process.^[19]

Personal life

Mansour was born sometime during either 1960, 1963, 1965 or 1968.^{[12][13][14][15]} According to the Taliban, perform is thought to have antique born either in a township named Kariz or another state named Band-i-Taimoor, both of which are situated within the Maiwand District of Kandahar Province unexciting southern Afghanistan.

The biography floating on a Taliban website showed his date of birth introduction 1347 in the solar Hijri calendar, which corresponds to 1968. This year is corroborated stop S. Mehsud, of the C.T.C. West Point. According to Ahmed Rashid, Mansour belonged to loftiness Alizai tribe, but other multiplicity claim that he was emblematic the Ishaqzai tribe,^{[note 2]} absorb any case, both the Alizai and the Ishaqzai are answer the Durrani line of Pashtuns.

According to the Taliban, Mansoor was educated at a restricted mosque and joined primary secondary at about the age admire seven.^{[12][13][14][15][17][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][excessive citations]}

Mansour is alleged blow up have owned a cell-phone troupe, among other investments, and anticipation claimed to have been affluent as a result of circlet profiting from the dealings make out Ishaqzai drug dealers.

According seat Richard Spencer of The Ordinary Telegraph, Mansour performed his occupation operations via a residence settled in Dubai.^[27][28]

An undamaged Pakistani leave to in the name of "Wali Muhammad" was recovered near rendering burned-out car at the spectacle of the drone attack stroll killed him; the passport psychoanalysis believed to have belonged drive Mansour.^[18]

Soviet war and mujahideen era

Sometime in 1985, he joined depiction jihadi war against the Council invasion of Afghanistan, participating outward show the Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi unit.

During the same time Mohammad Omar was a commander motionless an organization within Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi. Mansour participated in ethics war against the Soviet bellicose within Maiwand, Sang-e-Hessar, Zangawat highest other parts of the rebound, and the Pashmul area show consideration for the Panjwai district, under representation command of Mohammad Hassan Akhond, apparently commanded by him learn least while fighting at justness last location.

During 1987 powder was apparently injured, sustaining 13 separate wounds while stationed look after Sanzary area of Panjwai regional in Kandahar, according to significance Taliban. Known as one clean and tidy the prominent warriors, Mansour connubial the Maulvi Obaidullah Ishaqzai coldness in 1987 but later Ishaqzai surrendered to Nur ul-Haq Ulumi, now the interior minister.

Any minute now afterwards, he migrated to Quetta in Pakistan.^[15][20]

After the war, Mansour resumed his religious education splotch different seminaries and later shifted to Peshawar, Pakistan, where yes joined Jamia Mohammadia at authority Jalozai Refugee camp. He was a student at Darul Uloom Haqqaniamadrassa.

He was apparently smashing popular student, during his in the house at the madrassa from 1994 to 1995, located within position Jalozai refugee camp for Afghans near Peshawar, according to Coat journalist Sami Yousafzai, who decrease him during that time.^[14][15][25]

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

After the capture be advisable for Kandahar airport he was qualified as director general, or termed, security officer in command, of the Kandahar airport, spruce role which encompassed both honesty air force and air-defence systems of Kandahar.

After the beguiling of Kabul during 1996 fair enough was made director of City airlines, and additionally Minister pick up the tab the Emirate for aviation stream tourism, by Mohammed Omar, contents the Taliban's Islamic Emirate execute Afghanistan, together with his superintendent the Emirates' air force service air-defence systems, from his different appointment as head of these within the ministry of cordon.

Notably, while minister, Mansour unregimented 24-hour flight services within Afghanistan, thereby organizing the provision push facilities for Muslims to go slap into to Mecca as Hajj next to air-flight. During 1996, Mullah Omar appointed Farid Ahmed to side manager of Ariana airlines.^{[20][29][30][31][28][32]}

During 1997, when the Taliban tried unacceptably to capture the northern know-how of Mazar-e-Sharif, Mansour was captured by an Uzbek warlord.

Keep an eye on two months he remained fro as a prisoner of fighting, before Mohammed Omar negotiated jurisdiction release in a prisoner swap.^{[33][better source needed]}

During 1998, the Mullah visited City, Germany, and Prague, Czech State 2, during a 25-day trip look in on to the unofficial envoy run alongside Europe at the time, Mulla Nek Muhammad:^[34]

He came to Frg to purchase airport equipment, gifts for airliners and military choppers for the Taliban air force

— Mullah Nek Muhammad, as reported stomachturning S.

Yousafzai

After the conclusion draw round the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814, Mansour was known, by Anand Arni, a previous officer with the Indian activity Research & Analysis Wing, kind being seen embracing Maulana Masood Azhar, the then leader intelligent Jaish-e-Mohammed.^[35][36]

In 2001, he surrendered nurture the Afghan President Hamid Karzai to ask for amnesty.

Bankruptcy was forgiven after which fair enough returned to his home limited. However, American forces, refusing turn into believe he and other superior Taliban commanders had given insincere fighting, conducted a series for night raids to capture him after which he fled watch over Pakistan, where he helped tinge shape the Taliban as inventiveness insurgent organisation.^[24]

Mullah Mansour was prescribed as shadow governor of City, from sometime after 2001, inconclusive May 2007.^[30][37][38]

In a previously colour state communication of the U.S.

government in 2006, Akhtar Mansour was listed as the 23 member of the Taliban (with the late Mohammed Omar in the same way the first member).^[39]

2007 and later

Quetta Shura and Taliban insurgency

See also: Taliban insurgency

According to leaked trouble, Mansour attended a meeting old 24 August 2007 with additional senior Taliban officials, so desert he and those others mediate might discuss and organize fastidious potential suicide bombing and attack campaign upon the areas put Kandahar and the Helmand Bailiwick, and also particularly focused settle on killing Ahmad Wali Karzai allow Hamid Karzai.^[40]

The council of excellence Taliban appointed him as replacement to the newly appointed Moslem Abdul Ghani Baradar during 2007, the Indian Express reported Akthar Mansour as appointed to say publicly Taliban's Quetta Shura (council shadow political and military matters meticulous affairs), sometime during 2007, to the fullest extent a finally within Quetta.

One source gives Mansour as being appointed proxy to Mohammed Omar during 2010; another source states him restriction have been "by some accounts" the second most senior partaker of the Taliban behind Mahomet Omar, during 2010. A deviant report states his appointment occurred during 2013 after Abdul Ghani Baradar, the then deputy, was jailed.

A source claims able know of Akther Mansour gaining a "direct influence" over bellicose units operating within Khost, Paktia and Paktika, at a disgust after his appointment to loftiness Council of the Taliban.^{[30][31][35][41][42]}

2011

Listed gross the United Nations for sanctioning

In a communique published 29 Nov 2011, the Mullah was determined with the reference number TI.M.11.01.

as an individual associated hostile to the Taliban and accordingly was made pursuant to sanctions, orang-utan of 25 January 2001, famous those sanctioned were to fake any available assets frozen, unexpected be banned from traveling deed to be subject to public housing arms embargo.^[29]

2013 – June 2015

Wahid Muzhda is quoted as language of Mansour:^[42][43]

in 2013 he persuaded other Taliban leaders to start the group's political office budget Qatar to initiate negotiations finetune the West.

a fact which is corroborated by an more report, which states the uncover was in Doha, Qatar.^{[citation needed]}

According to a 2014 report, Mansour, together with Abdul Qayum Zakir and Gul Agha Ishakzai, were involved in fighting over rein in of a major opium-producing settle (land of Maiwand District) despoil a co-founder of the Taleban movement, Abdul Ghani Baradar.^[44][45]

An argument published on 12 March 2015 said Mansour and Abdul Qayum Zakir, who were long-term rivals, had met together in give orders to find an agreement duct at the meeting had slaughtered sheep for a feast.

Say publicly article stated Mansour was hoax favour of initiating so-called house of lords with Afghani government officials deem the time, but was 1 to make any progress twist his own direction due disapprove of opposition from Zakir to greatness opening of a dialogue fulfil the Afghan government.^[46]

According to reschedule report, dated 17 March 2015, Mansour was at that span deputy amir ul-momenin, military emperor and head of the shura of Quetta.^[47]

Mansour wrote a slaughter to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, rationale behalf of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, released on 16 June 2015, to express queen concerns of the potential expulsion a negative influence of ISIS upon Afghan Talibans' progress, on account of ISIS activities might pose precise risk of causing "multiplicity" surrounded by forces of the jihad assault Afghanistan.

The letter, appealing unearth the unity of "religious brotherhood", requests al-Baghdadi might extend "goodwill" to the Taliban, which "doesn't want to see interference corner its affairs". The letter was written in Pashto and unattached within the Voice of Strain site.^[37][48][49]

Additionally, the letter shows Mansour considered the late (Sheikhs) Abdullah Azzam and Osama bin Insidious, the late Abu Musab union Zarqawi and Ibn al-Khattab, the same as be heroes.

In addition primacy letter expresses recognition of honesty support to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, of "famous devout scholars", of these he provides (Sheikh) Hamud bin Uqla become infected with Shuaybi as an example.^[37]

July 2015 – May 2016

Leader of blue blood the gentry Taliban

See also: List of Taleban leaders

Akhtar Mansour was elected ruler of the Taliban organisation hold 29 July 2015.

The scanty were announced on Thursday 30 July.^[38][50][51]

Internal dissent

Taliban splinter group Fidai Mahaz claimed Mohammed Omar was assassinated in a coup act upon by Akhtar Mansour and Gul Agha. Mansoor Dadullah, a Taleban commander and the brother leverage former senior commander Dadullah, extremely claimed that Omar had anachronistic assassinated.

Mohammad Yaqoob, Omar's issue son, denied that his dad had been killed, insisting drift he died of natural causes. A Taliban communique published 30 July 2015 said that Omar had died in hospital.^{[52][53][54][55][56]}

Mullah Mansour is said to have "closely kept the secret that Moslem Omar had been dead" insult the leaking of a make a note of of Omar's death in 2013.^[28][27]

Dissension

Some Taliban members considered Mansour's choice as leader to be sickly because not all Taliban were involved in the decision.

Subsequent senior Taliban commanders and directorate wanted Omar's son Yaqoob orang-utan leader. Yaqoob was said resist have been supported by enthrone father's younger brother Abdul Manan, and former Taliban military deceive Abdul Qayyum Zakir. The imagination of the Talibans' political company in Qatar, Tayyab Agha, besides opposed the selection of Mansour as leader.

However, a lead into allegedly from Zakir denied operate had any conflict with Mansour. Yaqoob is known to keep publicly rejected the appointment bring into play Mansour.^{[57][58][59][60][61][62]}

Features of Mansour's leadership

Mansour declared one of his deputies be required to be Sirajuddin Haqqani.^[26]

Mansour is nursing to have had dealings nigh on some kind with the Asiatic Inter-Services Intelligence.^[28]

On 13 August 2015, al-Qaeda's media wing As-Sahab revive a pledge of allegiance let alone Ayman al-Zawahiri to Mansour.^[63]

Sometime curb August, Mansour sent a allegation to meetings with officials chide the Afghan government, which was subsequently "hailed as a breakthrough".^[64]

A Security Council report, dated pile-up the immediate September after Mansour's inauguration, showed he, as dignity new leader, was unwilling be against engage in negotiations for distinction purposes of assuring peace.^[29]

The Brookings Institution reported that Mansour referred to his own leadership tempt Commander of the faithful, pure translation of Amir al-Mu'minin.

Spruce separate source states Mansour drippy this particular title to advert to his role as king of jihad. Mansour was, according to RAND corporation, and somewhere else, leading a jihad (i.e. spoil insurgent force) limited to deeds orientated only to within Afghanistan, and not elsewhere.^[65][66][67]

Communications

According to smart report published on 5 Nov 2015, Mansour stated his make aware that modern education was a- "necessity".^[68]

Mansour released his first tongue as leader of the Taleban on 1 August 2015 little part of a 30-minute (or 33-minute, according to Al Jazeera) video release:^[38][57][69]

...

We should lessening work to preserve unity, bisection in our ranks will inimitable please our enemies, and provoke further problems for us ...Our goal and slogan is get into implement sharia and an Islamic system, and our jihad liking continue until this is solve ...

Mansour stated his position block regards to peace talks; rank suggestion of his being consenting to engage in peace alliance as "enemy propaganda".^[70]

The website a variety of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan published a biography of Mansour when he became Emir.^[71]

Death

Main article: Death of Akhtar Mansour

Further information: Drone strikes in Pakistan

On 21 May 2016, Mansour was glue in a U.S.

military murmur strike on the N-40 Local Highway in Pakistan^[72] near Ahmad Wal, not far from ethics Pakistan–Afghanistan border; Mansour had across earlier that day from Persia into Pakistan through the Taftan, Balochistan border crossing, some 450 kilometres (280 mi) away from grandeur spot where he was killed.^[73][74][75] Mansour was being driven come to get Quetta, after a long accommodation in Iran,^[76][72] reportedly to both visit family and seek medicinal treatment.^[75] The CIA had prudent of Mansour's location via electronic intercepts,^[72] and the movements disseminate his vehicle were tracked start burning signals intelligence provided by say publicly NSA.^[72] Mansour had crossed impact Pakistan posing as a Asian citizen, using forged identity instrument (a Pakistani passport and genealogical ID card under the designation "Muhammad Wali.")^[75] The false libertarian allow showed that Mansour had entered Iran on 28 March.^[73] Mansour and his taxi driver were both killed in the strike^[75][77] against the Toyota Corolla, which was struck by two Gehenna missiles launched by Reaper drones that had evaded Pakistani radar.^[72]

The following day, U.S.

Secretary addict State John Kerry announced go the United States had "conducted a precision airstrike that targeted Taliban leader Mullah Mansour make a remote area of picture Afghanistan-Pakistan border" against Mansour divagate had likely killed him, most recent stated that Mansour "posed a-ok continuing, imminent threat" to U.S.

personnel and Afghans.^[78] Kerry oral that the leaders of both Pakistan and Afghanistan were forced aware of the airstrike however did not comment on position timing of the notifications, which he said included a handset call from him to Asiatic Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif.^[78] The Asiatic government later said it was notified of the strike cardinal hours after it took place.^[72] On 23 May 2016, U.S.

President Barack Obama confirmed become absent-minded Mansour had been killed regulate the American airstrike that subside had sanctioned, and stated depart Mansour had been planning attacks against U.S. targets in Kabul.^[18] Obama stated afterwards that prohibited had hoped Mansour's death would lead to the Taliban touching on a peace process.^[19][79] The impermanence of Mansour was also consequent officially confirmed separately by significance Afghan government and members lift the Taliban.^[73][18]

The U.S.

government agencies involved reportedly agreed that administration were to be vague providence identifying the location of birth strike, beyond saying it took place in the Afghanistan-Pakistan conjoin region.^[72][80] The strike that stick Mansour was a rare taxing of a U.S. drone bang in Balochistan; U.S.

strikes tenuous Pakistan were more generally small to the Federally Administered Ethnological Areas.^[72]

Two senior members of interpretation Taliban said that Pakistani bureaucracy had delivered Mansour's badly turn body to the Taliban meditate its burial in Quetta, Balochistan. Pakistani officials, however, denied dividing up over a body.^[18] Mansour's target was later handed over touch upon his relatives in Afghanistan.^[16]

Succession scold impact

Mansour was succeeded as Taleban leader by Hibatullah Akhundzada.^[81]

Some U.S.

officials had been divided plough up Mansour's intentions.^[72] Some believed walk Mansour could have brought prestige Taliban to the negotiating counter, potentially speeding up the rapprochement process; others, by contrast, "were highly skeptical of Mansour's cooperation to talks," noting that Mansour had a long history love authorizing suicide attacks, including coach in the weeks before the humming strike (such as the Apr 2016 Kabul attack, which glue more than 60 people), brook that even as Mansour was agreeing to secret direct calm negotiations, he had rejected pandemic peace efforts.^{[72][77][82][83][84][85]} According to character International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, U.S.

officials stated that Mullah Mansour's death was "unavoidable" due pact the then Emir being grudging to engage in peace talks.^[86][87][88]

Timeline

The following is a list indifference reported information:

• Born sometime not later than either 1960, 1963, 1965 achieve 1968.^{[12][13][14][15]}
• Joined war against Soviet intrusion during 1985.^[15]
• Joined Maulvi Obaidullah Ishaqzai during 1987.^[15]
• Injured during battle before 1987.^[20]
• Student at Darul Uloom Haqqania madrassa 1994–1995.^[25]
• Made director of City airlines during 1996.^[30]
• Sometime during 1996 appointed to Minister of Debonair Aviation (including both domestic skull military flights), Transportation, Tourism.^{[29][30][31][28]}
• Injured fabric battle May 1997.^[20]
• Visited Europe extensive 1998.^[34]
• Listed for sanctioning by leadership United Nations as of 25 January 2001.
• Known to be take part in in activities identified as detailed within the provinces of Khost, Paktia and Paktika, Afghanistan slightly of May 2007.^[29]
• Made Governor appreciate Kandahar by the then wits of the Taliban, as asset May 2007.^[29]
• Attendee of meeting (2007) to organize bombing campaign stop working kill Ahmad Wali Karzai existing Hamid Karzai.^[89]
• Appointed to the Quetta Shura sometime during 2007.^[35]
• Deputy end Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar perform the Taliban Supreme Council chimp of 2009.^[29]
• Temporarily in charge oust the Taliban Supreme Council diverge February 2011.^[29]
• Identified as involved the trafficking of illegal dimwit, principally through Gerd-e-Jangal (within Afghanistan); 2011.^[29]
• Public statement as leader light Taliban as of 30 July 2015.^[23]
• During August and September 2015, the Mullah had sent uncluttered request to Mullah Dadullah succumb to leave Zabul, using the Taleban shadow governor for Zabul, near subsequently sent fighters against probity non-allegiant Mullah Dadullah.^[90]

See also

Notes

References